HISTORY of JURNALISM

Etymologically, journalism can be interpreted as a work of art in terms of making a record of daily events. The artwork is beautiful has a value that can attract the attention of the audience (readers, listeners, viewers), so it can be enjoyed and used for the purposes of life.

More broadly, the meaning or definition of journalism is the art and skill of searching, collecting, processing, preparing, and presenting news events beautifully daily, in order to meet all the needs of the conscience of the audience, resulting in a change of attitude, nature, opinion , and audience behavior sesuaia the will of the journalist. (Kustadi Suhandang, 2004: 21)

There are many definitions or understanding of journalism, among other events, and recording or reporting, and dissemination of daily events (Astrid S. Susanto, 1986, Mass Communication, p. 73).

Onong Uchjana Effendy (1981: 102) states that journalism is a daily report processing activities that interest the audience, ranging from coverage to dissemination to the public.

A.W. Widjaja (1986: 27) states that journalism is a communication activity that is done by broadcast news or read reviews about events or daily events are actual and factual in time as soon as possible.

Encyclopedia of Indonesia in detail explaining that journalism is an attempt bidangprofesi tengang presentation of information or events and daily life on a regular basis, using publishing tools available.

Below is the history of journalism
History of Journalism

Understanding Journalism
Journalism or Journalism derived from the word journal, meaning diaries, or notes about daily events, or it could also mean the newspaper. Journal originated from the latin word diurnalis, the people doing the work of journalism.

In Indonesia, the term was formerly known as journalism. The two terms are interchangeable was normal, just different origin. Some campuses in Indonesia could use it as oriented to Europe. Over time, the term journalism emerged from the United States and replace journalism with journalism.

Journalistic History By History The Romans

In the history of the Roman Empire stated that the king commanded the high priest to make a note of all the important events. The note was made and hung on the porch king, as a courtesy to those who pass by and need.

Pengumuaman thereby made Julius Caesar back in its heyday. When in power, Julius Caesar ordered that the trial results and activities of the members of the senate every day posted on "Acta diurna". Similarly, news about daily events, important regulations, as well as what needs to be communicated and known people. The notice board was attached to or installed in the center of town called "Forum Romanum" (Roman stadium) for publicly known.

News on "Acta diurna" then disseminated. When it appeared the "Diurnarii", ie the people who worked to make the records of the results of the senate meeting of the board "Acta diurna" it every day, for the landlords and the wealthy.

From the word "Acta diurna" this is literally the word journalism from the word "Diurnal" in Latin means "daily" or "every day." Adopted into French into "Du Jour" and English "Journal" which means "day "," diary ", or" report ". From the word "Diurnarii" appears the word "Diurnalis" and "Journalist" (journalist).

Gradually the "Diurnarii" then realized the importance of the information they can, that's what motivates them to sell records and no longer be a slave. The Diurnarri vying for important information to be disseminated quickly, which then caused the victim the first time in the world of journalism. Where a Diurnarri named Julius Rusticus were hanged on charges of preaching the news yet or still rumored to be a secret. The news is about the plan of a magnifying mutation in Caesar's time not reported, because it is still under consideration, and must be careful because there will be danger.


History Islam Journalism In Glass Eye

In the history of Islam, the forerunner of the first journalistic world was in the days of Noah. When floods struck his family, Noah was in the ark and its relatives, the followers of the righteous, and all kinds of animals.

To determine whether the flood had receded, Noah sent a dove out of the vessel to monitor the water situation and the possibility of food. The pigeon just see leaves and branches of olive trees that seem to surface water. Twig was also peck and brought back to the ship. Noah also concluded waters have receded. The news was delivered to all passengers.

On the basis of these facts, Noah considered a news search and news anchor (reporter) was first in the world. Noah's Ark was called as the first news agency in the world.

History of Journalism in the World

Along with advances in information technology that began with the daily report printed daily newspapers widened. From print media to electronic media evolve, from the progress of creating an electronic information medium such as radio. Not enough with just a voice radio came the breakthrough in the form of audio visual media, namely TV (television). Media information is not satisfied only with television, was born in the form of the Internet, a network of free and unlimited. And now with the development of technology has spawned a lot of media (multimedia).

The newspaper was first published in China in 911, the Kin Pau. Newspapers is owned by the government when the time of Emperor Quang Soo. Not unlike in the Age of Caesar, Kin Pau contain decision meetings, deliberations and other information from the Palace.

In Europe it is not clear who first pioneers. However, rice, 1605, in Antwerp, Belgium Verhoehn Abraham got permission to print Nieuwe Tihdininghen. Finally, in 1617, this leaflet may rise 8 to 9 days.

Moving to Germany, in 1609, the publication of the first newspaper named Avisa Relation Order Zeitung. In 1618, came the oldest newspaper in the Netherlands named Coyrante uytItalien en Duytschland. The newspaper is published by Caspar VanHilten in Amsterdam. Then the newspapers began to appear in France in 1631, in Italy in 1636 and Curant of General newsterbit, the first newspaper in the UK published in 1662.


History of Journalism in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the development activities initiated by the Dutch journalism. Some freedom fighters Indonesia has used journalism as a tool of struggle. In these eras of the Eastern Star, Western Star, Java Bode, Medan Prijaji, and Java Bode published.

During the occupation of Japan took power, the newspapers are prohibited. Eventually, however, there are five licensed media issue: Asia King, Tjahaja, New Light, the Light of the Sun, Sound and Asia.

National Press appeared in the 20th century in London by the name of Medan priyayi. Media created by Tirto Hadisuryo or Raden Djikomono, intended as a means of struggle for independence movement. Tirto Hadisuryo ultimately considered a pioneer of the foundations of modern journalism in Indonesia.

But a source said that journalism is the first Negarakertagama in Indonesia. The work Nagarakretagama not just plain works. Nagarakretagama incredibility lies in the content in the form of a report on the state of Majapahit real time. Many experts agree that Nagarakretagama is the first journalistic work in Indonesia. This opinion concluded recall the main features of journalistic work has been fulfilled in Nagarakretagama, that the events or facts communicated and able to attract people's attention due to evaluate their relevance. In search of the data Prapanca using methods of observation and interviews with a prominent pastor.

Indonesia's independence was a blessing for journalism. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia Indonesia using radio as a medium of communication. Ahead of the Asian Games IV, the government include television projects. Since 1962 Televisi Republik Indonesia is emerging with black and white screen technology.

The reign of President Suharto, a lot going closing down media. Daily Case of Indonesia Raya and Tempo are two obvious examples in this power sensor. This control is held by the Ministry of Information and the Indonesian Journalists Association (PWI). This is what led to the Alliance to declare himself an independent journalist in Wisma Tempo Sirna Galih, West Java. Some activists put into jail.

The point of freedom of the press began to be felt again when BJ Habibie succeeded Suharto. Many mass media that emerged later and PWI are no longer the only professional organization.

Journalism activities regulated by the Law on Broadcasting and Journalism Code of Ethics issued by the Press Council.